The Ifti'al (افتعال) form indicates reflexivity (i.e., the subject is also the one performing the action). It is intransitive (does not take a direct object). To form it, an alif "ا" is added
to the beginning of the root, a ta "ت" after the first root letter, and an additional alif "ا" after the second root letter. If the root is xxx, it becomes xاxتxا. For example:
جمع (cemʿ - he/she/it gathered) → اجتماع (ictimaʿ - to gather, to meet)
If the first letter of the trilateral root is a waw "و" or a ya "ي", this letter changes to a ta "ت". For example:
وحد (veḥade - he/she/it unified) → اتحاد (ittiḥad - to unite, to become one)